• Lithium batteries

Lithium batteries are an unique style of batteries. Unlike most battery styles, they are available in both primary and secondary styles (non-rechargeable and rechargeable) with a few varieties that cross between. Lithium batteries are backup power sources for electronic equipment that can be divided into two large groups: those providing full backup power to run a piece of equipment during a power outage; and memory backup, which does not provide active power to run a price of equipment. Instead it serves as a long-term power source so that memory components can retain necessary information.

Lithium batteries consist of a Lithium anode, which is an organic electrolyte that conducts the current, and a cathode. Lithium Cobalt oxide, a material from which Lithium can be easily removed, is the most common cathode compound. When the battery is charged, Lithium ions are driven from the Cathode into the anode; when the charge is removed, the Lithium flows back to the cathode.

While there are many styles of Lithium primary batteries, they all provide long-term storage life at room temperature and long operational life over a wide range of operating temperatures.

Common types of primary Lithium batteries include: Lithium / Sulfur dioxide (Li/SO2), Lithium / Thionyl Chloride (Li/SOCl2), Lithium / Manganese dioxide (LiMnO2), Lithium / Carbon monofluoride (Li/(CF)n), Lithium / Copper oxide (Li/CuO), and Lithium / Iodine (LiI2), and Lithium anode reserve batteries (including Lithium / Vanadium pentoxide, Lithium / Thionyl Chloride, and Lithium / Sulfur dioxide styles).

Common types of secondary Lithium batteries include: Lithium / Iron sulfide (LiFeSx),

Lithium / Manganese Titanium (LiMnTi), Lithium / polymer, lithium-ion (including Lithium / Cobalt oxide <LiCoO2>, Lithium / Nickel oxide <LiNiO2>, and Lithium / Manganese oxide <LiMn2O4>), Lithium / Vanadium pentoxide (Li/V2O5), Lithium / Manganese dioxide (Li/MnO2), and Lithium / Titanium disulfide (Li/TiS2).

The reaction for Li/FeS2 is

4Li(s) + FeS2(s) -----> Fe(s) + 2Li2S

The reaction for Li/MnO2 is

Li(s) + MnO2(s) -----> MnOOLi

The reaction for Li/SOCl2 is

4Li(s) + 2SClO2(l) -----> 4LiCl(s) + SO2(diss.) + S(s)